What type of growth is associated with cash values in insurance policies?

The correct choice is tax deferred, as it accurately describes the growth associated with cash values in insurance policies. When a policyholder accumulates cash value in their life insurance policy, that growth is not subject to income tax as it occurs. This means that during the life of the policy, all earnings on the cash value—such as interest or investment returns—are allowed to grow without immediate tax consequences.

This tax-deferred growth feature provides a significant benefit because policyholders can accumulate a larger amount over time since they're not paying taxes on the gains each year. Only when the cash value is withdrawn or the policy is surrendered do tax implications arise, typically leading to taxation on the gains in excess of the premiums paid.

In contrast, other options like tax exempt or tax sheltered are not accurate in this context as they imply different tax treatments, while taxable indicates immediate tax liability on gains which does not apply to cash value growth in insurance policies. Tax deferred is the best choice that accurately represents the nature of how cash values in insurance are treated under tax laws.